DInSAR技术对不同方位形变的敏感性研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

查显杰  傅容珊  戴志阳 《测绘学报》2006,35(2):133-137

以DEM数据为假想的地面目标,只考虑距离对相位的影响,模拟竖直向、距离向和方位向形变的干涉纹图,从而研究DInSAR技术对空间不同方位形变的敏感性。在所有模拟参数和形变位移大小都相同的情况下,三个不同方位形变所产生的相位从0到2π变化的完整干涉环的数目是各不相同的,揭示DInSAR技术对不同方位地表形变的敏感性存在差异,且敏感性由大到小依次为:竖直向、距离向和方位向。  相似文献   

基于多源数据的湘北地区春季一次冰雹过程的观测分析          下载免费PDF全文

朱家亮  潘江萍  邱丽静  吕渊 《中低纬山地气象》2022,46(2):46-54

新型探测资料在强对流短临预报中发挥着重要作用.该文以2020年3月22日湘北地区春季一次冰雹过程为研究对象,运用多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达和地基微波辐射计等新型探测资料对该过程观测分析。结果表明：①此次过程发生在冷空气南下与南支槽前暖湿空气交汇背景下,受中低层切变线与急流影响,冰雹风暴生成前回暖明显,环境垂直风切变大;风暴由地面辐合线触发产生。②此次超级单体降雹过程在雷达回波中表现出“三体散射”、“V型缺口”、中气旋等特征;VIL、低仰角大风速核对冰雹、大风预警有很好的指示。③风廓线雷达探测到,风暴影响前超低空急流加强,中层有干侵入,低层垂直速度出现波动,风暴临近时超低空急流减弱。④地基微波辐射计监测发现,风暴影响前高空湿度增大,K指数、TT指数呈同趋势变化,而K指数预警灵敏度高于TT指数;风暴影响阶段,高空温度、相对湿度和大气不稳定指数出现不同程度跃升和突降。  相似文献   

Comprehensive Marine Observing Experiment Based on High-Altitude Large Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(South China Sea Experiment2020 of the “Petrel Project”)     

Xuefen ZHANG  Liangxu LI  Rongkang YANG  Ran GUO  Xia SUN  Jianping LUO  Hongbin CHEN  Daxin LIU  Kebing TANG  Wenwu PENG  Xiaodong HAN  Qiyun GUO  Xiaoxia LI  Xikun FEI 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):531-537

In collaboration with 12 other institutions, the Meteorological Observation Center of the China Meteorological Administration undertook a comprehensive marine observation experiment in the South China Sea using the Yilong-10 high-altitude large unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). The Yilong-10 UAV carried a self-developed dropsonde system and a millimeter-wave cloud radar system. In addition, a solar-powered unmanned surface vessel and two drifting buoys were used. The experiment was further supported by an intelligent, reciprocating horizontal drifting radiosonde system that was deployed from the Sansha Meteorological Observing Station, with the intent of producing a stereoscopic observation over the South China Sea. Comprehensive three-dimensional observations were collected using the system from 31 July to2 August, 2020. This information was used to investigate the formation and development processes of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020). The data contain measurements of 21 oceanic and meteorological parameters acquired by the five devices, along with video footage from the UAV. The data proved very helpful in determining the actual location and intensity of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020). The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of using a high-altitude, large UAV to fill in the gaps between operational meteorological observations of marine areas and typhoons near China, and marks a milestone for the use of such data for analyzing the structure and impact of a typhoon in the South China Sea. It also demonstrates the potential for establishing operational UAV meteorological observing systems in the future, and the assimilation of such data into numerical weather prediction models.  相似文献   

Assimilation of Polarimetric Radar Data Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for the Analysis and Forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar     

黎慧琦  刘显通  肖辉  万齐林 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(2):94-108

This study explores the potential for directly assimilating polarimetric radar data (including reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity ZDR) using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to improve analysis and forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar (2018). Ewiniar weakened but brought about heavy rainfall over Guangdong, China after its final landfall. Two experiments are performed, one assimilating only Z and the other assimilating both Z and ZDR. Assimilation of ZDR together with Z effectively modifies hydrometeor fields, and improves the intensity, shape and position of rainbands. Forecast of 24-hour extraordinary rainfall ≥250 mm is significantly improved. Improvement can also be seen in the wind fields because of cross-variable covariance. The current study shows the possibility of applying polarimetric radar data to improve forecasting of tropical cyclones, which deserves more researches in the future.  相似文献   

基于旋翼无人机的大气边界层环境气象垂直观测及订正方法的研究     

徐家平  赵天良  陈燕  白永清  孙晓芸  王淞  曹畅 《气象与环境学报》2022,38(3):101-111

基于旋翼无人机开展大气边界层观测可为气象要素和大气污染物垂直结构的研究提供具有高时空解析能力的新方法,有助于深入理解低层大气物理化学变化机制。本文详述了旋翼无人机在开展大气边界层环境气象垂直观测实验的应用及优势。基于自主研发的旋翼无人机环境气象观测平台,通过开展传感器在无人机上不同的搭载位置,以及旋翼无人机与探空气球、高塔的对比观测实验,明确了旋翼无人机对气象环境观测的影响及合理的搭载方式。研究进一步在湖北重污染天气条件下开展了0—1000 m的大气边界层垂直观测,并研发了基于旋翼无人机姿态数据的大气边界层气象要素及污染物垂直观测的订正方法。结果表明:实验获取了2—10 m垂直分辨率的高质量大气廓线数据,可精细捕捉大气边界层及其逆温层高度和污染物浓度等要素的垂直变化特征。本文旨在为无人机观测的科研应用提供一种技术可行且数据可靠的观测手段。  相似文献   

一次长生命史超级单体降雹演化机制及双偏振雷达回波分析     

高丽  潘佳文  蒋璐璐  翁之梅 《气象》2021,(2):170-182

2019年3月21日一次长生命史超级单体导致浙江省中部多个县(市)降雹,为了研究超级单体得以长时间维持的环境背景及其云物理特征,利用常规资料以及宁波S波段双偏振雷达数据,结合粒子相态识别算法,对此次过程的演变进行了分析。结果表明:高空槽前、850 hPa切变线附近和地面冷锋为超级单体提供了合适的环流背景;风暴传播区域对流有效位能的增加、风暴承载层的平均风向与风暴移动方向相近、风速大、对流风暴沿地面假相当位温梯度大值区向东传播及沿海强垂直风切变,导致中气旋旋转速度和旋转厚度的增加,这些都是对流风暴长时间维持的原因。通过此次降雹单体风暴结构分析发现:整个生命史对流发展非常旺盛,最大反射率维持在60 dBz以上,风暴顶维持在8 km以上,风暴质心高度出现的三次明显波动,对应三次降雹过程。垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)跃增量虽不及传统指标,但结合垂直累积液态含水量密度(VILD)、VIL最大值及最大反射率因子大值区,对冰雹业务预报有指示作用。通过降雹单体双偏振特征分析发现:冰雹下落过程中的翻滚现象,导致差分反射率(Z_dr)值接近0 dB,水平和垂直偏振波差异导致三体散射特征(TBSS)根部Z_dr大值区的出现;冰雹降落融化产生的外包水膜现象,使其Z_dr值增大,相关系数(CC)值减小;通过偏振参数Z_dr和CC特征,有助于识别高空大冰雹;超级单体的有界弱回波区(BWER)附近的Z_dr柱不仅可指示上升运动,同时对降雹单体不同的成长阶段具有指示作用。  相似文献   

基于S波段双偏振雷达观测的雹暴偏振特征分析     

潘佳文  高丽  魏鸣  蒋璐璐  蔡菁 《气象学报》2021,79(1):168-180

为了研究雹暴的偏振特征及其在实际业务中的应用,使用S波段双偏振雷达所观测到的46例冰雹数据,对其中反复出现的3种偏振特征:冰雹在各高度层的偏振参数特征、差分反射率因子柱、三体散射偏振特征进行了分析,重点分析了3种偏振特征大、小冰雹事件的差异。结果表明:（1）大冰雹的水平反射率因子中位数要高于小冰雹,二者的水平反射率因子分布存在较大重合区域。（2）冰雹偏振参数的变化主要集中在融化层之下,相较于小冰雹,大冰雹具有更低的差分反射率因子和相关系数。（3）所有雹暴的差分反射率因子柱最大伸展高度均超过?10℃层,有83%的大冰雹事件其差分反射率因子柱最大伸展高度可超过?20℃层;在小冰雹事件中这一比例仅为46%。（4）差分反射率因子柱高度的演变对于雹暴的发展具有预示性,特别是在持续降雹过程中,差分反射率因子柱的再度发展预示着雹暴的再次增强。差分反射率因子柱高度的极值相对于降雹具有时间提前量,在大冰雹事件中这一提前量的中位数为24 min,而在小冰雹事件中这一数值为11 min。（5）三体散射的偏振特征有助于识别高空的冰雹,尤其是当冰雹核的后侧存在其他降水回波时。在所统计的19例大冰雹事件中均发现三体散射偏振特征。在小冰雹事件中同样可发现三体散射偏振特征,出现比例为52%。   相似文献   

Reliability of X-band Dual-polarization Phased Array Radars Through Comparison with an S-band Dual-polarization Doppler Radar     

周芯玉  胡东明  张羽  李浩文  田聪聪 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(2):218-236

Based on the observations of a squall line on 11 May 2020 and stratiform precipitation on 6 June 2020 from two X-band dual-polarization phased array weather radars (DP-PAWRs) and an S-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar (CINRAD/SA-D), the data reliability of DP-PAWR and its ability to detect the fine structures of mesoscale weather systems were assessed. After location matching, the observations of DP-PAWR and CINRAD / SA-D were compared in terms of reflectivity (ZH), radial velocity (V), differential reflectivity (ZDR), and specific differential phase (KDP). The results showed that: (1) DP-PAWR has better ability to detect mesoscale weather systems than CINRAD/SA-D; the multi-elevation-angles scanning of the RHI mode enables DP-PAWR to obtain a wider detection range in the vertical direction. (2) DP-PAWR’s ZH and V structures are acceptable, while its sensitivity is worse than that of CINRAD/SA-D. The ZH suffers from attenuation and the ZH area distribution is distorted around strong rainfall regions. (3) DP-PAWR’s ZDR is close to a normal distribution but slightly smaller than that of CINRAD/SA-D. The KDP products of DP-PAWR have much higher sensitivity, showing a better indication of precipitation. (4) DP-PAWR is capable of revealing a detailed and complete structure of the evolution of the whole storm and the characteristics of particle phase variations during the process of triggering and enhancement of a small cell in the front of a squall line, as well as the merging of the cell with the squall line, which cannot be observed by CINRAD/SA-D. With its fast volume scan feature and dual-polarization detection capability, DP-PAWR shows great potential in further understanding the development and evolution mechanisms of meso-γ-scale and microscale weather systems.  相似文献   

A Comprehensive Observational Analysis for the Effects of Gas Cannons on Clouds and Precipitation     

吴彬  王丹丹  李艳芳  尹浩  杜爽  黎朋红 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(2):237-251

To analyze the effects of gas cannons on clouds and precipitation, multisource observational data, including those from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, Hangzhou and Huzhou new-generation weather radars, laser disdrometer, ground-based automatic weather station, wind profiler radar, and Lin''an C-band dual polarization radar, were adopted in this study. Based on the variational dual-Doppler wind retrieval method and the polarimetric variables obtained by the dual-polarization radar, we analyzed the microphysical processes and the variations in the macro - and microphysical quantities in clouds from the perspective of the synoptic background before precipitation enhancement, the polarization echo characteristics before, during and after enhancement, and the evolution of the fine three-dimensional kinematic structure and the microphysical structure. The results show that the precipitation enhancement operation promoted the development of radar echoes and prolonged their duration, and both the horizontal and vertical wind speeds increased. The dual-polarization radar echo showed that the diameter of the precipitation particles increased, and the concentration of raindrops increased after precipitation enhancement. The raindrops were lifted to a height corresponding to 0 to -20 ℃ due to vertical updrafts. Based on the disdrometer data during precipitation enhancement, the concentration of small raindrops (lgNw) showed a significant increase, and the mass-weighted diameter Dm value decreased, indicating that the precipitation enhancement operation played a certain“lubricating”effect. After the precipitation enhancement, the concentration of raindrops did not change much compared with that during the enhancement process, while the Dm increased, corresponding to an increase in rain intensity. The results suggest the positive effect of gas cannons on precipitation enhancement.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Radar Echo Parameters and Microphysical Structure Simulation of a Short-Time Heavy Precipitation Supercell     

赵桂香  王一颉  连志鸾 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(4):388-404

By using the conventional observations, radar data, NCEP/NCAR FNL 1o×1o reanalysis data and numerical simulation data and with the construction and calculation of radar echo parameters, this paper presents the structural characteristics and physical processes of a short-time heavy precipitation supercell that occurred in the squall line process in Shanxi Province on 24 June 2020. The results show that this squall line event occurred in front of a surface cold front, combined with infiltration of low-level cold air and continuous increase of near-surface humidity in the afternoon. The surface mesoscale convergence line and mesoscale dew point front contributed to the development and systemization of the squall line by a large degree. The short-time extremely heavy precipitation in Pingshun County was caused by the development of a supercell from thunderstorm cells on the front side of the squall line. The characteristics of sharp increase in vertical integral liquid water content, persistent increase in reflectivity factor and continuous rise in the echo top height appeared about 23 min earlier than the severe precipitation, which has qualitative indicating significance for the nowcasting of short-time heavy precipitation. A quantitative analysis of the radar echo parameters suggests that the “sudden drop”of FV40 was a precursor signal of cells’coalescence and rapid development to the mature stage. The areal change of the echo core at the 6 km height was highly subject to the merging and developing of cells, the rapid change of hydrometeor particles in clouds and the precipitation intensity. Changes in the cross-sectional area of convective cells at different heights can indirectly reflect the changes of liquid particles and ice particles in clouds, which is indicatively meaningful for predicting the coalescing and developing-to-maturing of cells and heavy precipitation 30-45 min earlier. A comprehensive echo parameter prediction model constructed by the random forest principle can predict the magnitude of short-time heavy precipitation 40-50 min in advance. Numerical simulation reveals that large amounts of water vapor existed in the near-surface atmosphere, and that the cells rapidly obtained moisture from the ambient atmosphere and developed rapidly through maternal feeding. The cold cloud zone was narrow, upright and had a high stretch height. The upward motion in clouds was strong and deep, and very rich in liquid water content. The graupel particles had a large vertical distribution range, the coexistence area of graupel and snow was large, the height of raindrops was close to the surface with a wide horizontal scale, and the precipitation efficiency was high. These may be the important elements responsible for the occurrence of the short-time heavy precipitation that exceeded historical extreme values. On the basis of the above analyses, a comprehensive parameter (CP) prediction model is worked out, which can estimate the developing trend of supercells and the intensity of short-time heavy precipitation about 1 h in advance.  相似文献